EFC Design 1022 (Standard Fabricated Hog Island Type A):
Notes & Illustrations
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Notes: On 13 July 1917 the first general manager of the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC), General George W. Goethals, informed the chairman of the Shipping Board that his main reliance for getting the greatest amount of tonnage in the shortest time would be on the construction of fabricated steel ships of standard pattern. Theodore E. Ferris, the naval architect and consulting engineer of the EFC, prepared preliminary plans for three types of fabricated cargo ships, one of 5000 deadweight tons (later Design 1023), one of 7500 dwt (later Design 1022), and one of 9000 dwt (later Design 1025). (The builders probably did the detailed design work and produced the building plans.) Three companies, the Submarine Boat Company, the American International Corporation (owner of the New York Shipbuilding Corp.), and the Merchant Shipbuilding Company negotiated with the EFC for contracts, and they ultimately agreed to cooperate, each getting one of the designs and becoming an "agency yard" for the EFC. In an agency yard, the government paid for and owned the shipyard and the contractor built and operated it. (Technically there was a fourth "Agency yard," the Carolina Shipbuilding Corp., but it produced only twelve non-fabricated Design 1037 ships before problems prompted the EFC to sell it to George W. Fuller.) The American International Corporation got the 7500-ton fabricated cargo ship, which became known as Hog Island Type A. The resignation of General Goethals on 24 July 1917 delayed the fabricated ship program, but on 13 September 1917 the EFC contracted with AIC for the construction by a subsidiary, the American International Shipbuilding Company, of an immense shipyard with 50 building ways in a "dismal swampy place" named Hog Island on the Delaware River across from the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Practically every item needed to build the ships was fabricated somewhere else and brought to Hog Island, which was essentially a vast assembly plant. On the same day that the EFC contracted for construction of the shipyard it also contracted for 50 11.5-knot Design 1022 cargo ships (EFC Hulls 492-541) to be built there with a plan to build 200 of this type in the next 18 months. On 23 October 1917, however, instead of more 7500-ton cargo ships, it added to this contract 70 8000-ton 15-knot combined transport and freight vessels (EFC Hulls 669-738) designated Hog Island Type B (later Design 1024). The introduction of a second ship type complicated the development of the yard, which because of the delay during the summer had to be carried out during a particularly harsh winter. On 7 May 1918 the EFC ordered an additional 60 7500-ton Design 1022 Type A freighters (EFC Hulls 1482-1541), specifying that all 180 ships were to be delivered by August 1919. In late 1918 the War Department ordered that twelve of the 8000-ton vessels be completed as Army transport ships (see Design 1024). The Design 1022 Hog Island Type A was a freighter of 7,500 tons deadweight capacity. Its estimated load displacement was 11,200 tons at a draft of 24 feet. It was a single-screw cargo vessel of the two-deck, single 'tween decks type with forecastle, bridge island, and poop and with a vertical stem and a counter stern. The hull was divided by eight watertight steel bulkheads extending up to the upper deck forming four main cargo holds, one smaller one, and the engine and boiler spaces. The hull was built with transverse framing. There were five main cargo hatches through the second and upper decks, and a smaller one in the bridge island. The first Design 1022 cargo ship, Quistconck (ex Red Jacket) was laid down at Hog Island on 12 February 1918, launched on 5 August 1918, and delivered to the EFC on 3 December 1918 shortly after the armistice. On the day Quistconck was launched there were 40 other ships under construction and three at the outfitting piers. After the war 35 of the Type B transports were suspended in January and February 1919 and cancelled on 31 March 1919 while 23 more were suspended on 17 May 1919 and cancelled on 6 November 1919, leaving only the twelve Army transports, but all 110 Type A cargo ships were completed, the last one, Cedarhurst, on 11 November 1920. (Special sources: Mark H. Goldberg, The "Hog Islanders", Kings Point, New York, 1991; International Marine Engineering,, 1917-1920.) Specifications: Design 1022 (S.S. Quistconck, EFC Hull 492): Steel Cargo. Deadweight tons: 7500 designed, 7825 actual. Dimensions: 401' length oa, 390' pp x 54' beam mld. x 32' depth mld. to the upper deck, 24.4' draft loaded. Propulsion: 1 screw, 1 G.E. turbine, 3 Babcock & Wilcox water tube boilers, 2500 SHP, 10.9 avg. kts. Configuration: 3-island, 2 decks, 5 holds, 5 hatches. |
| S.S. Schenectady (Design 1022, EFC Hull 511) on 30 April 1919 in a completion photo taken by her builder, the American International S.B. Co, Hog Island, Pa. She has a standard peacetime rig in place of the special wartime rig shown in the drawing above. (NARA: RG-32-UB box 34) (Click photo to enlarge) |
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S.S. Quistconck (Design 1022, EFC Hull 492) Ready for outfitting at one of her builder's piers. She was launched on 5 August 1918 and delivered to the EFC on 3 December 1918. Photo No. 165-WW-492A-19 Source: U.S. National Archives, RG-165-WW |
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USS Sac City (Design 1022, EFC Hull 493) Photographed by her builder, the American International S.B. Co, Hog Island, Pa., departing that shipyard on 6 January 1919. The third ship of this type to be completed, she was one of the few that had the wartime rig shown in the drawing above with a single topmast stepped on one of the derrick posts near the stack. Photo No. NH 65058 Source: U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command |
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S.S. Sagaporack (Design 1022, EFC Hull 497) Photographed by her builder, the American International S.B. Co, Hog Island, Pa., leaving Hog Island. She was delivered on 24 March 1919 and assigned to the Barber Steamship Lines for operation to the Orient. Photo No. None Source: U.S. National Archives, RG-19-A-27 |
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S.S. Coelleda (Design 1022, EFC Hull 1501) Entering Avonmouth, England, on 10 July 1924. She had been delivered on 24 January 1920 and assigned to the Baltimore Steamship Co. for operation to the U.K. Photo No. NH 567 (ex NR&L(M) 10823) Source: U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command |
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S.S. Kenowis (Design 1022, EFC Hull 1499) This ship was delivered on 16 January 1920 and was initially assigned to the Kerr Steamship Co. for operation in the Italian trade. She became an Army supply ship in 1926 and was sold in 1931 to the Waterman Steamship Corp. who renamed her Kofresi in 1939. Her funnel markings here may be Waterman's. Photo No. None Source: U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command (MSC Collection) |
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S.S. American Robin, ex Magmeric (Design 1022, EFC Hull 1490) Entering a U.S. port on 22 May 1941 with neutrality markings. Photo No. AmericanRobin_5662_016 Source: vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/5662 |
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S.S. Ann Skakel, ex Clontarf (Design 1022, EFC Hull 1497) Entering a U.S. port on 21 October 1941 with neutrality markings. Photo No. AnnSkakel_5667_008 Source: vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/5667 |
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S.S. Carrabulle (Design 1022, EFC Hull 1530) Entering a U.S. port on 30 March 1942 without markings and without armament. Photo No. Carrabulle_7207_009 Source: vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/7207 |
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S.S. Exilona, ex Blair (Design 1022, EFC Hull 516) Anchored in a U.S. port on 6 April 1943 with armament. Photo No. Exilona_5886_003 Source: vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/5886 |
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S.S. Del Sud, ex Salvation Lass (Design 1022, EFC Hull 530) This was one of four ships converted by the Delta Line in 1931 to passenger and cargo "Coffee Liners." She is shown here departing a U.S. port on 2 May 1943. Her original name honored the Salvation Army. Photo No. Delsud_1247_002 Source: vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/1247 |
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S.S. Fluor Spar (Design 1022, EFC Hull 526) Entering a U.S. port on 8 June 1943. Photo No. FluorSpar_8004_001 Source: vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/8004 |
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S.S. Ile de Re, ex Jomar (Design 1022, EFC Hull 1514) At anchor in a U.S. port on 12 August 1943. Photo No. IleDeRe_8555_003 Source: vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/8555 |
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S.S. Liberty Glo (Design 1022, EFC Hull 527) Entering a U.S. port on 24 January 1944 with the light accenting her heavy anti-aircraft armament of 20mm guns. Photo No. LibertyGlo_9166_002 Source: vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/9166 |
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S.S. Pleamar, ex USS Spica (AK 16), ex S.S. Shannock (Design 1022, EFC Hull 527) In Argentine merchant service 1947-1964. Her bridge remains essentially as it was remodeled circa 1944. Photo No. NH 105650 Source: U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command |
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